Terrorism

“Freedom and fear are at war…Either you are with us, or you are with the terrorists.” President George W. Bush 20 September, 2001

[] Many policies have been put in place to reduce terrorist threats, but have resulted in the government being able to have more access to people’s lives, even those people that are clearly of no threat. The government claims it is their duty, but it seems as though some government policy could use some adjusting. It would make sense if policy was adjusted in order to prevent the invasion of privacy of clearly innocent people. Parts of some legislation have been found unconstitutional, violating 4th Amendment rights, but others have yet to be questioned. To make the government policy more efficient, there should be more strict limitations as to who can be watched, and what signs can trigger the need for a person to be put on the watch list.

**__Various Definitions of Terrorism: FBI Definition __** - Terrorism is the unlawful use of force or violence against persons or property to intimidate or coerce a government, the civilian population, or any segment thereof, in furtherance of political or social objectives.

• Rooted in French “Reign of Terror” • Increased incidents of terrorism in latter part of 20th century • Prevalence of Islamic Radicalism in the 21st Century
 * __History: __**

– Attract attention for groups cause – Demonstrate groups power – Show the existing government’s lack of power – Extract revenge – Induced phobia and psychological effects
 * __Objectives of Terrorism: __**

__Hostage Taking: __ <span style="color: #b2a1c7; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themetint: 153;">• <span style="color: #b2a1c7; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themetint: 153;">This usually is an overt seizure of one or more individuals with the intent of gaining publicity or other concessions in return for release of the hostage. • **<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">U.S. Army ** **<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">General James Dozier ** : Red Brigade terrorists on December 17, 1981. Italian counter terrorist squads rescued him on January 28, 1982. Five Red Brigade members were captured.

<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;"> • Hostage Situations – Although trains, buses, and ships have been hijacked, aircraft are the preferred target because of their greater mobility and vulnerability. – **<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif';">2001 World Trade Center Attack Hijackings ** – **<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif';">First time hijacked aircraft used as weapons ** <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent6; msothemeshade: 191;">• <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Eco-Terrorists have long used sabotage as a form of attack. – Spiking trees and attack whale fishing boats • <span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Terrorists to date have used chemical weapons and there is potential for the use of both chemical and biological weapons in the future. – Possible use of dirty bombs • Sarin gas attack in March 1995 in the Tokyo subway • <span style="color: #c80417; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">2001 Anthrax attacks – Dumping of toxic substances into water systems
 * //__<span style="color: #c80417; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Skyjacking: __//**

– **<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif';">Assassination **. killing of prominent persons and symbolic enemies • <span style="color: #c80417; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">- <span style="color: #c80417; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea;">The improvised explosive device (IED) or **<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Bomb ** is the terrorist’s weapon of choice. – <span style="color: #c80417; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Various detonation techniques available, may be a low risk to the perpetrator. – <span style="color: #c80417; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">Suicidal bombing cannot be overlooked.
 * __<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif';">Other Examples: __**

<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Terrorism perpetrated by the citizens of a country against their fellow citizens • Includes acts against citizens of a second country when they are in the host country, and not the principal or intended target -<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">**//Oklahoma City bombing of Murrah Federal building//** on 19 April 1995 in downtown Oklahoma City killed 168 people and injured hundreds of others. – <span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">12 killed and up to 5000 hospitalized – <span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Could have been much worse…air circulation evacuated most of the gas
 * __<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea;">Domestic Terrorism __**
 * //- Sarin gas attack on March 20, 1995 in the Tokyo subway://** <span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Aum Shinri Kyo (Supreme Truth) cult deposited two containers containing Sarin poison gas in the Tokyo subway system.



<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">One of the most recent terrorist attacks in the U.S. was the Christmas bomb attempt of the ‘underwear’ bomber. This image clearly mocks the attack attempt of this now infamous person. **__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 16pt; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">International terrorism __** – <span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">Terrorism in which planning and execution of the terrorist act transcends national boundaries <span style="color: #76923c; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent3; msothemeshade: 191;">• //**<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pan Am Flight 103, Lockerbie, Scotland: **//<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">Pan Am Flight 103, outbound from London for New York with 259 people aboard <span style="color: #76923c; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent3; msothemeshade: 191;">• <span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">Destroyed by a bomb on December 21, 1988 while over Lockerbie, Scotland. <span style="color: #76923c; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent3; msothemeshade: 191;">• <span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">All aboard were killed as were eleven persons on the ground at Lockerbie. <span style="color: #76923c; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent3; msothemeshade: 191;">• //**<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">1993 World Trade Center Attack: **// <span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">Islamic terrorists detonated a truck bomb under the towers killing six and damaging the building.

<span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-font-kerning: 12.0pt; mso-themecolor: accent2;">1. The US will make no concessions to terrorists 2. The US will treat terrorists as criminals and apply the rule of law 3. The US will apply maximum pressure on state sponsors of terrorism 4.The Clinton Administration added a corollary to these rules: • The US will Help other governments improve their capabilities to combat terrorism. <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">• <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent2;">The offensive measures taken to prevent, deter, and respond to terrorism <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">– <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Attacked targets in Sudan and Afghanistan in response to the involvement of Usama Bin Laden in the bomb attacks against the two US embassies in Africa <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">• <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Defensive measures used to reduce the vulnerability of individuals and property to terrorist acts <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">– <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Includes limited response and containment by local military forces <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">– <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Setting new buildings back from roads and parking lots <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">• <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent2;">For our counter-terrorism and antiterrorism measures to be effective, we must have some idea of what particular terrorist groups are attempting to accomplish. <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">– <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent2;">We gain this insight through an active counterintelligence program. <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msoansilanguage: ES-TRAD; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">– <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent2;">FBI, CIA, NSA, OSI, CID, NIS, ATF, DEA… <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">• <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-fareast-font-family: +mn-ea; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Force Protection <span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: Times New Roman; mso-themecolor: accent2; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: accent2;">–<span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-themecolor: accent2;">The use of forces to protect resources and personnel with thorough force protection measures
 * __<span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent2;">US Policy: __**

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[]

The policy against terrorism has been as of late to ensure that terrorist leaders do not get a hold of nuclear weaponry.

**__<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">The Executive Branch: __** <span style="color: #9bbb59; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent3;">Under the Executive branch presidents have worked alongside Congress to ensure proper measures are taken to prevent harm to the nation as a whole. Especially since 9/11 past president, George W. Bush and President Obama have ensured that the proper precautions are taken to reduce the threat of terrorism by supporting actions taken by Congress. Further, Homeland security is part of the cabinet under the executive branch of the government. This department is in charge of national security, and the main organization in charge of counterterrorist efforts. Specifically, Homeland Security helps to enforce policy put in place by the legislative branch and Presidents have also taken actions to create bureaucratic agencies on the issue of terrorism and national security as well. For instance, Ronald Reagan helped create the American Security Council Foundation which helps create the National Security Strategy for the Country Under President Obama, recently the United States has shifted its agenda, and the largest threat is now nuclear terrorism, and the goal is to decrease nuclear arms. President Obama has also taken measures to end torturing of terrorism suspects and close the detention center at Guantanamo Bay, which seems as though Obama is taking a less aggressive stance on terrorism than in previous years.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[]

<span style="font-family: 'Cambria','serif'; font-size: 10pt; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Cambria; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;">Presidential candidates and officeholders have claimed they will work to fight terrorism, but are always vague in their ideas. Once elected, the same vague tone seems to preside and terrorist policy is vague and can encompass targeting many people…Patriot Act

**__<span style="color: #e9ce05; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 16pt; line-height: 115%;">Legislative Acts Regarding Terrorism: __** <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">· <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Patriot Act: The Patriot Act broadens the power of the U.S. government to watch and confiscate property of suspected terrorists. However, the Patriot Act is broad in its terms, and is very vague in defining what constitutes a suspected terrorist. <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Homeland Security Appropriations Act: A series of acts created each year to appropriate money to Homeland Security and allows them to spend money to protect the nation against terrorist threats by spending money for surveillance, airport protection, etc. <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Homeland Security Act of 2002: This created the Department of Homeland Security in response to the attacks on 9/11 <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">SAFETY Act of 2002: (The Support Anti-terrorism by Fostering Effective Technologies Act) This act helps provide incentives for new technologies and research to prevent terrorism. It also provides liability testing for companies that provide these services to the nation. <span style="color: #e9ce05; font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Military Commissions Act of 2006: establishes a system on which to try enemy combatants and defines what constitutes unlawful and lawful imprisonment of enemy combatants. The act also defines what torture is and says to what extent a prisoner may receive punishment for their offense. <span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153; msobidifontfamily: Arial; msothemecolor: text2; msothemetint: 153;">[] (<span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">for full text and government information <span style="color: #ebbf03; font-family: 'Centaur','serif';">)

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[]

Many civil liberties can be bypassed as a result of homeland security (mostly the right to privacy). While ignoring some civil liberty is for the greater good, it does undermine the basic principles of the U.S. and upsets many Americans.

· <span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Prosecution of 9/11 terrorists in federal courts <span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore; msothemecolor: text2; msothemetint: 153;">· <span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">The judicial branch has upheld the standards of the Constitution by freeing al Qaeda members held at Guantanamo Bay if minimum burden is not met…most recently Mohamedou Ould Slahi who was involved in 9/11 <span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * __<span style="color: #548dd4; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: text2; mso-themetint: 153;">Under the Judicial Branch there have been actions taken in regards to terrorism: __**

<span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent2;">In order to ensure the protection of the U.S. the branches of government take policy actions that enact rules and regulations to reduce the risk of threats and set measures in place to punish anyone who makes a threatening move. It is of utmost importance that the three branches of government work together in a manner similar to any other matter of U.S. importance. The basic system of Congressional policymaking with support (or no support) from the president to pass legislation must work seamlessly. After legislation is passed it must be able to withstand any charges that may bring the policy into question in front of the Supreme Court. If the policy is found unconstitutional it is up to the Supreme Court to rule against the policy, even if the policy is working to limit the threat of terrorism. <span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">
 * __<span style="color: #c0504d; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-themecolor: accent2;">Branches working together: __**

<span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">**For instance** <span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">: The legislative branch passed the Patriot Act ( <span style="color: #4f81bd; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent1;"> http://thomas.loc.gov/cgi-bin/bdquery/z?d107:HR03162:@@@X <span style="color: #76923c; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-themecolor: accent3; mso-themeshade: 191;">view the path of the Patriot Act through Congress) under strict support from ex-President Bush and bureaucratic agencies, but then the judiciary was forced to interpret the legality of the act and found that part of the act was in fact unconstitutional. The federal courts have also been forced to ensure that the FBI releases its information pertaining to intelligence gathered from the Patriot Act. Into the current presidency, President Obama, within the past month, signed the extension of the Patriot Act, exemplifying, that the executive powers of one presidency can carry through to the next and extend the executive power to enhance the ability to keep up with legislation

.

<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif'; font-size: 9pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">[]

In the earnest attempt to prevent harmful objects to be kept out of airports searches have reached an extreme. Instead of supporting and standing up for rights and justice, people must now stand up to be searched.

<span style="color: #8064a2; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial;">Various groups have spoken out about terrorism and have taken action in response. These groups are able to greatly inform the nation about the effects and actions of terrorists and help contribute to political campaigns for candidates they feel will have the most influence against terrorism. In particular, the Council on American Islamic Relations (CAIR) has a large impact on the issue of terrorism. The group is a Muslim advocacy group that is extremely against terrorism, but makes its sentiments known against policy that seems to directly target Muslims as terrorists. Most recently CAIR spoke out against a TSA policy that would single out a majority of Muslims traveling through airports. The group has helped in the movement against terrorism by: fatwas, petition drives, ran public service announcements, conducts inter-faith meetings, and helps Mosques hold open houses to show peace and condemnation of terrorism. Many groups involved in anti-terrorist efforts, have roots in other issues as well, like CAIR. The aim of groups such as this are to ensure that large groups of people are not singled out for the actions of a few people that are part of the whole.
 * __<span style="color: #5f497a; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-themecolor: accent4; mso-themeshade: 191;">Non-Governmental Groups: __**

<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">The policy that has been implemented has caused people to be more closely watched and feel a greater influence of the government in everyday life. With the involvement of greater security, people are able to feel safer, however there is also a feeling of imposition when at places like the airport where security takes a long time, or if privacy is violated by unnecessary phone taps or other spying techniques. People now feel like “Big Brother” is watching them. Despite the imposition, people are able to feel safer that there are so many regulations in place to stop a terrorist threat.
 * __<span style="color: #e36c0a; font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-themecolor: accent6; mso-themeshade: 191;">Impact on the Public: __**

<span style="font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive; font-size: 120%;"> <span style="color: black; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS'; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-US;">Ideas for improvement: The government has put in place many measures that have made our nation much safer to live in. However, some of the measures in place put a target on innocent citizens as a result of their ethnicity. Also some policies have resulted in violation of personal privacy and should be considered unconstitutional. The government should take it upon themselves to amend some of the current legislation to ensure the constitutional rights of innocent Americans are not violated. In order to make the legislation more "fair" the legislation in place should be made more specific to pin-point imminent threats.

[|project handout.doc]

<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;">__**Sources of Information:**__

<span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif';">[] (obama patriot act extension) [] (cair main page) <span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; msoansilanguage: FR;">[] <span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif'; mso-ansi-language: FR;"> (cair article) <span style="font-family: 'Centaur','serif';">[] (SAFETY Act info) [] (more on the Patriot Act) [] (Homeland Security Appropriations Act) [] (Military Commissions Act of 2006) [] (Office of the Coordinator of Counterterrorism) [] (Judge frees Guantanamo prisoner) And additional help from outside government knowledge.